| IED ID | IndEnz0002009846 |
| Enzyme Type ID | protease009846 |
| Protein Name |
Cysteine protease-like VirA EC 3.4.22.- Effector protein VirA |
| Gene Name | virA CP0181 pWR501_0191 |
| Organism | Shigella flexneri |
| Taxonomic Lineage | cellular organisms Bacteria Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Shigella Shigella flexneri |
| Enzyme Sequence | MQTSNITNHERNDSSWMSTVKSTTEVSWNKLSFCDILLKIITFGIYSPHETLAEKHSEKKLMDSFSPSLSQDKMDGEFAHANIDGISIRLCLNKGICSVFYLDGDKIQSTQLSSKEYNNLLSSLPPKQFNLGKVHTITAPVSGNFKTHKPAPEVIETAINCCTSIIPNDDYFHVKDTDFNSVWHDIYRDIRASDSNSTKIYFNNIEIPLKLIADLINELGINEFIDSKKELQMLSYNQVNKIINSNFPQQDLCFQTEKLLFTSLFQDPAFISALTSAFWQSLHITSSSVEHIYAQIMSENIENRLNFMPEQRVINNCGHIIKINAVVPKNDTAISASGGRAYEVSSSILPSHITCNGVGINKIETSYLVHAGTLPSSEGLRNAIPPESRQVSFAIISPDV |
| Enzyme Length | 400 |
| Uniprot Accession Number | Q7BU69 |
| Absorption | |
| Active Site | ACT_SITE 34; /evidence=ECO:0000255 |
| Activity Regulation | ACTIVITY REGULATION: Inhibited by the cysteine protease inhibitors leupeptin and cystatin-C. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17095701}. |
| Binding Site | |
| Calcium Binding | |
| catalytic Activity | |
| DNA Binding | |
| EC Number | 3.4.22.- |
| Enzyme Function | FUNCTION: Alpha-tubulin-specific protease that is required for entry into epithelial cells and for subsequent intra- and intercellular spreading. Contributes to bacterial entry into epithelial cells by inducing microtubule (MT) destabilization and the formation of membrane ruffles. The membrane ruffling evoked by VirA results from the activation of host rac1, which is associated with the destruction of MT networks. Creates a tunnel inside the host cell cytoplasm by breaking down the microtubule infrastructure. This facilitates the bacterium's movement through the cytoplasm and also helps other bacteria move faster during the invasion of the eukaryotic cell. Is absolutely required for virulence. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12065406, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17095701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7494473}. |
| Temperature Dependency | |
| PH Dependency | |
| Pathway | |
| nucleotide Binding | |
| Features | Active site (1); Beta strand (17); Chain (1); Helix (12); Mutagenesis (1); Natural variant (4); Region (1); Sequence conflict (1); Turn (2) |
| Keywords | 3D-structure;Direct protein sequencing;Hydrolase;Plasmid;Protease;Reference proteome;Secreted;Thiol protease;Virulence |
| Interact With | |
| Induction | INDUCTION: Transcriptionally activated by VirB and MxiE, in association with IpgC, upon invasion of the eukaryotic cell. Induced at 37 degrees Celsius. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12142411, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15758240, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9582283}. |
| Subcellular Location | SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11115111, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7494473}. Note=Translocated into the host cell via the type III secretion system (TTSS). Localizes in the cytoplasm of the infected cell. |
| Modified Residue | |
| Post Translational Modification | |
| Signal Peptide | |
| Structure 3D | X-ray crystallography (3) |
| Cross Reference PDB | 3EB8; 3EE1; 4FMB; |
| Mapped Pubmed ID | 16246841; 18763811; 18787201; 22939626; |
| Motif | |
| Gene Encoded By | Plasmid pWR100; Plasmid pCP301; Plasmid pMYSH6000; Plasmid pINV_F6_M1382 |
| Mass | 44,735 |
| Kinetics | |
| Metal Binding | |
| Rhea ID | |
| Cross Reference Brenda |