| IED ID | IndEnz0002013982 |
| Enzyme Type ID | protease013982 |
| Protein Name |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE EC 3.2.1.- EC 3.4.15.1 Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I Kininase II CD antigen CD143 Cleaved into: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form |
| Gene Name | ACE DCP DCP1 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Taxonomic Lineage | cellular organisms Eukaryota Opisthokonta Metazoa Eumetazoa Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Teleostomi Euteleostomi Sarcopterygii Dipnotetrapodomorpha Tetrapoda Amniota Mammalia Theria Eutheria Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Primates Haplorrhini Simiiformes Catarrhini Hominoidea (apes) Hominidae (great apes) Homininae Homo Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Enzyme Sequence | MGAASGRRGPGLLLPLPLLLLLPPQPALALDPGLQPGNFSADEAGAQLFAQSYNSSAEQVLFQSVAASWAHDTNITAENARRQEEAALLSQEFAEAWGQKAKELYEPIWQNFTDPQLRRIIGAVRTLGSANLPLAKRQQYNALLSNMSRIYSTAKVCLPNKTATCWSLDPDLTNILASSRSYAMLLFAWEGWHNAAGIPLKPLYEDFTALSNEAYKQDGFTDTGAYWRSWYNSPTFEDDLEHLYQQLEPLYLNLHAFVRRALHRRYGDRYINLRGPIPAHLLGDMWAQSWENIYDMVVPFPDKPNLDVTSTMLQQGWNATHMFRVAEEFFTSLELSPMPPEFWEGSMLEKPADGREVVCHASAWDFYNRKDFRIKQCTRVTMDQLSTVHHEMGHIQYYLQYKDLPVSLRRGANPGFHEAIGDVLALSVSTPEHLHKIGLLDRVTNDTESDINYLLKMALEKIAFLPFGYLVDQWRWGVFSGRTPPSRYNFDWWYLRTKYQGICPPVTRNETHFDAGAKFHVPNVTPYIRYFVSFVLQFQFHEALCKEAGYEGPLHQCDIYRSTKAGAKLRKVLQAGSSRPWQEVLKDMVGLDALDAQPLLKYFQPVTQWLQEQNQQNGEVLGWPEYQWHPPLPDNYPEGIDLVTDEAEASKFVEEYDRTSQVVWNEYAEANWNYNTNITTETSKILLQKNMQIANHTLKYGTQARKFDVNQLQNTTIKRIIKKVQDLERAALPAQELEEYNKILLDMETTYSVATVCHPNGSCLQLEPDLTNVMATSRKYEDLLWAWEGWRDKAGRAILQFYPKYVELINQAARLNGYVDAGDSWRSMYETPSLEQDLERLFQELQPLYLNLHAYVRRALHRHYGAQHINLEGPIPAHLLGNMWAQTWSNIYDLVVPFPSAPSMDTTEAMLKQGWTPRRMFKEADDFFTSLGLLPVPPEFWNKSMLEKPTDGREVVCHASAWDFYNGKDFRIKQCTTVNLEDLVVAHHEMGHIQYFMQYKDLPVALREGANPGFHEAIGDVLALSVSTPKHLHSLNLLSSEGGSDEHDINFLMKMALDKIAFIPFSYLVDQWRWRVFDGSITKENYNQEWWSLRLKYQGLCPPVPRTQGDFDPGAKFHIPSSVPYIRYFVSFIIQFQFHEALCQAAGHTGPLHKCDIYQSKEAGQRLATAMKLGFSRPWPEAMQLITGQPNMSASAMLSYFKPLLDWLRTENELHGEKLGWPQYNWTPNSARSEGPLPDSGRVSFLGLDLDAQQARVGQWLLLFLGIALLVATLGLSQRLFSIRHRSLHRHSHGPQFGSEVELRHS |
| Enzyme Length | 1306 |
| Uniprot Accession Number | P12821 |
| Absorption | |
| Active Site | ACT_SITE 391; /note=1; ACT_SITE 989; /note=2 |
| Activity Regulation | ACTIVITY REGULATION: Strongly activated by chloride. Specifically inhibited by lisinopril, captopril and enalaprilat. |
| Binding Site | BINDING 231; /note=Chloride 1; BINDING 529; /note=Chloride 1; BINDING 791; /note=Chloride 2; BINDING 829; /note=Chloride 3; BINDING 1090; /note=Chloride 2; BINDING 1094; /note=Chloride 2; BINDING 1127; /note=Chloride 3 |
| Calcium Binding | |
| catalytic Activity | CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=Release of a C-terminal dipeptide, oligopeptide-|-Xaa-Yaa, when Xaa is not Pro, and Yaa is neither Asp nor Glu. Thus, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, with increase in vasoconstrictor activity, but no action on angiotensin II.; EC=3.4.15.1; |
| DNA Binding | |
| EC Number | 3.2.1.-; 3.4.15.1 |
| Enzyme Function | FUNCTION: Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety. |
| Temperature Dependency | |
| PH Dependency | |
| Pathway | |
| nucleotide Binding | |
| Features | Active site (2); Alternative sequence (6); Beta strand (19); Binding site (7); Chain (2); Disulfide bond (4); Erroneous initiation (1); Glycosylation (15); Helix (63); Metal binding (6); Modified residue (1); Mutagenesis (1); Natural variant (24); Propeptide (1); Region (2); Sequence conflict (2); Signal peptide (1); Site (1); Topological domain (2); Transmembrane (1); Turn (13) |
| Keywords | 3D-structure;Alternative splicing;Carboxypeptidase;Cell membrane;Cytoplasm;Direct protein sequencing;Disulfide bond;Glycoprotein;Hydrolase;Membrane;Metal-binding;Metalloprotease;Phosphoprotein;Protease;Reference proteome;Repeat;Secreted;Signal;Transmembrane;Transmembrane helix;Zinc |
| Interact With | P05556 |
| Induction | INDUCTION: Up-regulated in failing heart. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15151696, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15671045}. |
| Subcellular Location | SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form]: Secreted.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Note=Detected in both cell membrane and cytoplasm in neurons. {ECO:0000250}. |
| Modified Residue | MOD_RES 1299; /note=Phosphoserine; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12386153 |
| Post Translational Modification | PTM: Phosphorylated by CK2 on Ser-1299; which allows membrane retention. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12386153}. |
| Signal Peptide | SIGNAL 1..29; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:2558109 |
| Structure 3D | X-ray crystallography (50) |
| Cross Reference PDB | 1O86; 1O8A; 1UZE; 1UZF; 2C6F; 2C6N; 2IUL; 2IUX; 2OC2; 2XY9; 2XYD; 2YDM; 3BKK; 3BKL; 3L3N; 3NXQ; 4APH; 4APJ; 4BXK; 4BZR; 4BZS; 4C2N; 4C2O; 4C2P; 4C2Q; 4C2R; 4CA5; 4CA6; 4UFA; 4UFB; 5AM8; 5AM9; 5AMA; 5AMB; 5AMC; 6EN5; 6EN6; 6F9R; 6F9T; 6F9U; 6F9V; 6H5W; 6H5X; 6QS1; 6TT1; 6TT3; 6TT4; 6ZPQ; 6ZPT; 6ZPU; |
| Mapped Pubmed ID | 10023114; 10080429; 10099886; 10197222; 10221352; 10227270; 10334805; 10335726; 10351920; 10352194; 10362030; 10371375; 10376201; 10404693; 10474023; 10483967; 10536878; 10544843; 10546020; 10575803; 10608470; 10636255; 10643899; 10657713; 10673731; 10675799; 10681079; 10759003; 10770265; 10793025; 10794598; 10821127; 10821348; 10854008; 10874368; 10874503; 10882751; 10889131; 10899077; 10904024; 10923445; 10937809; 10963892; 10971153; 10983692; 10997795; 11001581; 11018310; 11027844; 11029323; 11030378; 11043512; 11054622; 11071385; 11071585; 11078932; 11106322; 11116113; 11121171; 11124487; 11145009; 11153913; 11155741; 11204304; 11208365; 11213892; 11234416; 11328206; 11345362; 11354635; 11361058; 11367719; 11367888; 11401115; 11422735; 11427204; 11428725; 11484170; 11485372; 11518842; 11522714; 11522715; 11527624; 11550114; 11568114; 11568784; 11593574; 11688760; 11696688; 11699055; 11707217; 11707686; 11711521; 11711524; 11714857; 11718065; 11728946; 11755945; 11756350; 11761617; 11773214; 11774217; 11776100; 11781714; 11803189; 11836444; 11840772; 11861692; 11867868; 11870238; 11888948; 11918988; 11923700; 12015245; 12031704; 12031990; 12032106; 12043886; 12084438; 12113906; 12114366; 12126783; 12147786; 12196500; 12204015; 12204859; 12205735; 12215901; 12297007; 12359135; 12360613; 12362316; 12372063; 12388790; 12394950; 12419932; 12453999; 12459519; 12468767; 12471298; 12514670; 12522467; 12556231; 12574792; 12575194; 12605101; 12611423; 12624945; 12627873; 12660488; 12669270; 12687832; 12695469; 12697976; 12728665; 12736093; 12832734; 12875914; 12885793; 12906984; 1314601; 14563588; 14585904; 14607851; 14671555; 14675596; 14759632; 15013333; 15076187; 15083369; 15106838; 15112434; 15283675; 15300633; 15332573; 15338496; 15385810; 15387996; 15470205; 15481848; 15498534; 15526842; 15532370; 15555355; 15563875; 15595935; 15614025; 15651670; 15699938; 15732660; 15788353; 15793788; 15804059; 15892865; 15978554; 16037885; 16080804; 16420563; 16485730; 16538877; 16544732; 16603315; 16612256; 16621107; 1668266; 16736244; 16741188; 16741369; 16818212; 16866021; 16915032; 16926677; 17003099; 17042482; 17083073; 17163998; 17223428; 17274465; 17300045; 17326392; 17367703; 17383306; 17452507; 17519002; 17531119; 17570179; 18457420; 1848554; 1851160; 18568123; 18647135; 18660489; 18706898; 18986708; 18996102; 19081678; 19203483; 19420105; 19475602; 19497121; 19502259; 19506579; 19525331; 19559392; 19655271; 19847428; 19851296; 19865794; 19889475; 19943553; 20022223; 20066004; 20233165; 20826823; 21352096; 21810173; 23056909; 24015848; 24289879; 24297181; 24502978; 24900839; 2558510; 26403559; 26748546; 2846041; 29206036; 29476645; 3017438; 30372620; 31072910; 32195541; 33067882; 383475; 6269175; 6270633; 6303766; 7485124; 7555560; 7556981; 7586243; 7589881; 7677086; 7697839; 7759715; 7759716; 7772074; 7783416; 7807498; 7807499; 7840807; 7955173; 7993479; 8045571; 8096947; 8177269; 8538349; 8541160; 8558760; 8566943; 8587251; 8596758; 8644625; 8644984; 8677872; 8704045; 8749698; 8752809; 8772691; 8772692; 8773433; 8781765; 8895041; 8903617; 8906516; 8931914; 8946109; 8983828; 8989733; 9037328; 9109842; 9137889; 9140789; 9147898; 9180106; 9180368; 9197423; 9201110; 9227291; 9247728; 9258202; 9258285; 9264477; 9270088; 9291178; 9358012; 9377825; 9409318; 9443774; 9462412; 9498629; 9535412; 9561998; 9588764; 9594210; 9611729; 9660089; 9693941; 9694588; 9713438; 9713444; 9733227; 9740630; 9781631; 9788731; 9825196; 9863550; 9863894; 9916793; |
| Motif | |
| Gene Encoded By | |
| Mass | 149,715 |
| Kinetics | BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=2.51 mM for Hip-His-Leu {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11076943, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12542396}; |
| Metal Binding | METAL 390; /note=Zinc 1; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442; METAL 394; /note=Zinc 1; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442; METAL 418; /note=Zinc 1; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442; METAL 988; /note=Zinc 2; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442; METAL 992; /note=Zinc 2; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442; METAL 1016; /note=Zinc 2; catalytic; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:16476442 |
| Rhea ID | |
| Cross Reference Brenda | 3.4.15.1; |