IED Industry Enzyme Database

Detail Information for IndEnz0005001375
IED ID IndEnz0005001375
Enzyme Type ID lipase001375
Protein Name Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
EC 2.3.1.20
Acyl-CoA retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
ARAT
Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
EC 2.3.1.76
Diglyceride acyltransferase
Gene Name Dgat1 Dgat
Organism Mus musculus (Mouse)
Taxonomic Lineage cellular organisms Eukaryota Opisthokonta Metazoa Eumetazoa Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Teleostomi Euteleostomi Sarcopterygii Dipnotetrapodomorpha Tetrapoda Amniota Mammalia Theria Eutheria Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Glires (Rodents and rabbits) Rodentia Myomorpha (mice and others) Muroidea Muridae Murinae Mus Mus Mus musculus (Mouse)
Enzyme Sequence MGDRGGAGSSRRRRTGSRVSVQGGSGPKVEEDEVRDAAVSPDLGAGGDAPAPAPAPAHTRDKDGRTSVGDGYWDLRCHRLQDSLFSSDSGFSNYRGILNWCVVMLILSNARLFLENLIKYGILVDPIQVVSLFLKDPYSWPAPCVIIASNIFVVAAFQIEKRLAVGALTEQMGLLLHVVNLATIICFPAAVALLVESITPVGSVFALASYSIMFLKLYSYRDVNLWCRQRRVKAKAVSTGKKVSGAAAQQAVSYPDNLTYRDLYYFIFAPTLCYELNFPRSPRIRKRFLLRRVLEMLFFTQLQVGLIQQWMVPTIQNSMKPFKDMDYSRIIERLLKLAVPNHLIWLIFFYWFFHSCLNAVAELLQFGDREFYRDWWNAESVTYFWQNWNIPVHKWCIRHFYKPMLRHGSSKWVARTGVFLTSAFFHEYLVSVPLRMFRLWAFTAMMAQVPLAWIVGRFFQGNYGNAAVWVTLIIGQPVAVLMYVHDYYVLNYDAPVGV
Enzyme Length 498
Uniprot Accession Number Q9Z2A7
Absorption
Active Site ACT_SITE 426; /evidence=ECO:0000305|PubMed:20876538
Activity Regulation
Binding Site BINDING 401; /note=Acyl-CoA; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907; BINDING 415; /note=Acyl-CoA; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907; BINDING 488; /note=Acyl-CoA; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907
Calcium Binding
catalytic Activity CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10868, ChEBI:CHEBI:17815, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:58342, ChEBI:CHEBI:64615; EC=2.3.1.20; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19028692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20876538};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10869; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11488, ChEBI:CHEBI:17336, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:58342, ChEBI:CHEBI:63410; EC=2.3.1.76; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19028692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20876538};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11489; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycerol = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-3-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38307, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:75728, ChEBI:CHEBI:75729; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9789033};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38308; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:9789033}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=hexadecane-1,2-diol + 2 hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-O,O-dihexadecanoyl-1,2-hexadecanediol + 2 CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38211, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:75586, ChEBI:CHEBI:75608; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38212; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=hexadecane-1,2-diol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyhexadecyl hexadecanoate + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38171, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:75586, ChEBI:CHEBI:75587; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38172; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38071, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:73990, ChEBI:CHEBI:75466; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38072; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-di-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-3-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38163, ChEBI:CHEBI:52333, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:75583; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38164; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=hexadecan-1-ol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + hexadecanyl hexadecanoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38167, ChEBI:CHEBI:16125, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:75584; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38168; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38175, ChEBI:CHEBI:17336, ChEBI:CHEBI:17616, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16106050};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38176; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16106050}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=13-cis-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55296, ChEBI:CHEBI:45479, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57379, ChEBI:CHEBI:138722; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55297; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:15834126}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38219, ChEBI:CHEBI:52333, ChEBI:CHEBI:53753, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066022};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38220; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:23066022}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1,3-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38435, ChEBI:CHEBI:53753, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:75735; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066022};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38436; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:23066022}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2,3-di-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycerol = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38439, ChEBI:CHEBI:53753, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:75824; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066022};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38440; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:23066022}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-glycerol = 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-mono-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55340, ChEBI:CHEBI:34116, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:138734; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:28420705};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55341; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:28420705}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:37915, ChEBI:CHEBI:52323, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:75342; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:28420705};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:37916; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:28420705}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:37911, ChEBI:CHEBI:52333, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:73990; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:37912; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-mono-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-2,3-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycerol + CoA; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55344, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57387, ChEBI:CHEBI:138734, ChEBI:CHEBI:138735; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55345; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z)-octadecenoate + 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38379, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:52323, ChEBI:CHEBI:53753; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38380; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907};
DNA Binding
EC Number 2.3.1.20; 2.3.1.76
Enzyme Function FUNCTION: Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates (PubMed:15834126, PubMed:19028692, PubMed:20876538, PubMed:22493088, PubMed:28420705). Highly expressed in epithelial cells of the small intestine and its activity is essential for the absorption of dietary fats (By similarity). In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol, and is required to synthesize fat for storage (PubMed:15834126). Also present in female mammary glands, where it produces fat in the milk (By similarity). May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly (By similarity). In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival (PubMed:11959864). Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders (PubMed:19028692). Exhibits additional acyltransferase activities, includin acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), wax monoester and wax diester synthases (PubMed:15834126). Also able to use 1-monoalkylglycerol (1-MAkG) as an acyl acceptor for the synthesis of monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol (MAMAG) (PubMed:28420705). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8MK44, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11959864, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15834126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19028692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20876538, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22493088, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28420705}.
Temperature Dependency
PH Dependency
Pathway PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism.
nucleotide Binding
Features Active site (1); Binding site (3); Chain (1); Modified residue (1); Motif (1); Mutagenesis (1); Region (8); Site (1); Topological domain (10); Transmembrane (9)
Keywords Acyltransferase;Endoplasmic reticulum;Lipid metabolism;Membrane;Phosphoprotein;Reference proteome;Transferase;Transmembrane;Transmembrane helix
Interact With
Induction
Subcellular Location SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20876538}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20876538}.
Modified Residue MOD_RES 20; /note=Phosphoserine; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907
Post Translational Modification
Signal Peptide
Structure 3D
Cross Reference PDB -
Mapped Pubmed ID 10725249; 11111084; 11217851; 11481335; 11805129; 11827942; 11880235; 12032764; 12077311; 12077321; 12130553; 12388146; 12407108; 12413942; 12466851; 12520002; 12782674; 14557275; 14668353; 14681479; 14722362; 15161747; 15163627; 15181539; 15797871; 16306352; 16595853; 16877777; 16894240; 16956609; 17239230; 17510710; 18000880; 18160458; 18252207; 18348983; 18458083; 18502258; 18571500; 18757836; 18768481; 19049983; 19091699; 19472314; 19675136; 19732742; 19748094; 19778901; 20124729; 20147738; 20204375; 21205704; 21212659; 21220706; 21267068; 21317108; 21677750; 21846726; 21924378; 21984835; 21990351; 22291164; 22911105; 22967998; 23336002; 23420847; 23558010; 23583843; 23642106; 23643496; 23988655; 24186946; 24272998; 25157099; 25602705; 25679806; 25974161; 26942218; 26971994; 27179362; 27223895; 27344248; 27731369; 27754788; 28249764; 28386555; 28697336; 28768178; 29563512; 30342099; 30397187; 30718413; 31693883; 32268121; 32882484; 33147469; 33359403; 33465519; 34284164;
Motif MOTIF 371..377; /note=FYXDWWN motif; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O75907
Gene Encoded By
Mass 56,790
Kinetics
Metal Binding
Rhea ID RHEA:10868; RHEA:10869; RHEA:11488; RHEA:11489; RHEA:38307; RHEA:38308; RHEA:38211; RHEA:38212; RHEA:38171; RHEA:38172; RHEA:38071; RHEA:38072; RHEA:38163; RHEA:38164; RHEA:38167; RHEA:38168; RHEA:38175; RHEA:38176; RHEA:55296; RHEA:55297; RHEA:38219; RHEA:38220; RHEA:38435; RHEA:38436; RHEA:38439; RHEA:38440; RHEA:55340; RHEA:55341; RHEA:37915; RHEA:37916; RHEA:37911; RHEA:37912; RHEA:55344; RHEA:55345; RHEA:38379; RHEA:38380
Cross Reference Brenda 2.3.1.20;