| IED ID | IndEnz0010001011 |
| Enzyme Type ID | esterase001011 |
| Protein Name |
Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 EC 3.1.1.4 Group X secretory phospholipase A2 GX sPLA2 sPLA2-X Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 10 |
| Gene Name | PLA2G10 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Taxonomic Lineage | cellular organisms Eukaryota Opisthokonta Metazoa Eumetazoa Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Teleostomi Euteleostomi Sarcopterygii Dipnotetrapodomorpha Tetrapoda Amniota Mammalia Theria Eutheria Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Primates Haplorrhini Simiiformes Catarrhini Hominoidea (apes) Hominidae (great apes) Homininae Homo Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Enzyme Sequence | MGPLPVCLPIMLLLLLPSLLLLLLLPGPGSGEASRILRVHRRGILELAGTVGCVGPRTPIAYMKYGCFCGLGGHGQPRDAIDWCCHGHDCCYTRAEEAGCSPKTERYSWQCVNQSVLCGPAENKCQELLCKCDQEIANCLAQTEYNLKYLFYPQFLCEPDSPKCD |
| Enzyme Length | 165 |
| Uniprot Accession Number | O15496 |
| Absorption | |
| Active Site | ACT_SITE 88; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451; ACT_SITE 133; /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451 |
| Activity Regulation | ACTIVITY REGULATION: Inhibited by methyl indoxam. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733}. |
| Binding Site | |
| Calcium Binding | |
| catalytic Activity | CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a fatty acid + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15801, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:28868, ChEBI:CHEBI:57643, ChEBI:CHEBI:58168; EC=3.1.1.4; Evidence={ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10035, ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10036, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12021277};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15802; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12021277}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38779, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:72998, ChEBI:CHEBI:73001; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16962371};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38780; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16962371}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40519, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:73858, ChEBI:CHEBI:74965; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40520; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+) + hexadecanoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41223, ChEBI:CHEBI:7896, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:72998, ChEBI:CHEBI:72999; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41224; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-glycerol + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-glycerol + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:44524, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:84472, ChEBI:CHEBI:84475; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:44525; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H(+) + hexadecanoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45472, ChEBI:CHEBI:7896, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:72829, ChEBI:CHEBI:75158; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QXX3};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45473; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QXX3}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41752, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:75020, ChEBI:CHEBI:75029; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41753; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40815, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30245, ChEBI:CHEBI:73004, ChEBI:CHEBI:73008; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40816; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63996, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:57518, ChEBI:CHEBI:64839; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63997; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12359733}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40479, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30089, ChEBI:CHEBI:44811, ChEBI:CHEBI:64496; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16962371};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40480; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:16962371}; |
| DNA Binding | |
| EC Number | 3.1.1.4 |
| Enzyme Function | FUNCTION: Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids (PubMed:9188469, PubMed:12021277). Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids with preference for phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylethanolamines. Preferentially releases sn-2 omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains over saturated fatty acyls (PubMed:12359733, PubMed:12021277). Contributes to phospholipid remodeling of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (PubMed:12021277). Hydrolyzes LDL phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that regulate macrophage differentiation toward foam cells (PubMed:12021277). Efficiently hydrolyzes and inactivates platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator present in oxidized LDL (PubMed:16962371). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Secreted by lung epithelium, targets membrane phospholipids of infiltrating eosinophils, releasing arachidonate and boosting eicosanoid and cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis involved in airway inflammatory response (By similarity). Secreted by gut epithelium, hydrolyzes dietary and biliary phosphatidylcholines in the gastrointestinal lumen (By similarity). Plays a stem cell regulator role in colon epithelium. Within intracellular compartment, mediates Paneth-like cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ISC). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates Wnt signaling pathway in ISCs and tissue regeneration (By similarity). May participate in hair follicle morphogenesis by regulating phosphatidylethanolamines metabolism at the outermost epithelial layer and facilitating melanin synthesis (By similarity). By releasing lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) at sperm acrosome, controls sperm cell capacitation, acrosome reaction and overall fertility (By similarity). May promote neurite outgrowth in neuron fibers involved in nociception (By similarity). Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines, which are major components of membrane phospholipids in bacteria (PubMed:12359733). Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane (PubMed:11694541). In pulmonary epithelium, may contribute to host defense response against adenoviral infection. Prevents adenovirus entry into host cells by hydrolyzing host cell plasma membrane, releasing C16:0 LPCs that inhibit virus-mediated membrane fusion and viral infection. Likely prevents adenoviral entry into the endosomes of host cells (PubMed:16146426). May play a role in maturation and activation of innate immune cells including macrophages, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QXX3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11694541, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12021277, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12359733, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16146426, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16962371, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9188469}. |
| Temperature Dependency | |
| PH Dependency | BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: pH dependence: Optimum pH is 7.4. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9188469}; |
| Pathway | |
| nucleotide Binding | |
| Features | Active site (2); Beta strand (5); Chain (1); Disulfide bond (8); Glycosylation (1); Helix (6); Metal binding (4); Mutagenesis (1); Propeptide (1); Signal peptide (1); Turn (2) |
| Keywords | 3D-structure;Calcium;Cleavage on pair of basic residues;Cytoplasmic vesicle;Disulfide bond;Glycoprotein;Hydrolase;Lipid metabolism;Lysosome;Metal-binding;Phospholipid metabolism;Reference proteome;Secreted;Signal |
| Interact With | P21549; P29972; Q03989; P54253; O95817; Q9BXY8; Q6P1W5; Q8NEC5; Q96HB5; Q02930-3; A8MQ03; Q8WU58; O75593; Q9BWX5; Q9Y223-2; O14964; P31273; O43593; Q9ULV5-2; Q0VD86; Q5T749; Q8IUC1; Q6PEX3; Q5T7P2; Q5T751; Q5TA79; O14633; Q5TA82; P21145; O60336; Q86UR1-2; Q96HA8; P32242; P78337; Q15319; Q7Z5V6-2; Q01974; P09234; Q99932-2; Q7Z699; O75716; O95947; Q92734; O43711; A8MV65-2; A5D8V6; Q96K80 |
| Induction | |
| Subcellular Location | SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9188469}. Lysosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QXX3}. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QXX3}. |
| Modified Residue | |
| Post Translational Modification | |
| Signal Peptide | SIGNAL 1..31; /evidence=ECO:0000255 |
| Structure 3D | X-ray crystallography (7) |
| Cross Reference PDB | 1LE6; 1LE7; 4UY1; 5G3M; 5OW8; 5OWC; 6G5J; |
| Mapped Pubmed ID | 10455175; 10681567; 11031251; 11112443; 11741884; 11830583; 12048163; 12522102; 12664556; 14962950; 15007070; 15781456; 15863501; 16169070; 16438975; 17077289; 18511424; 18587072; 19336475; 19495570; 20357262; 20833395; 20974857; 21255140; 21652694; 21878635; 22494626; 22967861; 23349189; 23614662; 24070020; 24508801; 25286228; 25316315; 25583995; 25964585; 26139511; 26711221; 26828067; 27774123; 28528433; 2925608; 30034585; 30034586; 32423798; 7060561; 8300559; |
| Motif | |
| Gene Encoded By | |
| Mass | 18,153 |
| Kinetics | |
| Metal Binding | METAL 68; /note="Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen"; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE6, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE7"; METAL 70; /note="Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen"; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE6, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE7"; METAL 72; /note="Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen"; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE6, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE7"; METAL 89; /note="Calcium"; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12161451, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE6, ECO:0007744|PDB:1LE7" |
| Rhea ID | RHEA:15801; RHEA:15802; RHEA:38779; RHEA:38780; RHEA:40519; RHEA:40520; RHEA:41223; RHEA:41224; RHEA:44524; RHEA:44525; RHEA:45472; RHEA:45473; RHEA:41752; RHEA:41753; RHEA:40815; RHEA:40816; RHEA:63996; RHEA:63997; RHEA:40479; RHEA:40480 |
| Cross Reference Brenda | 3.1.1.4; |