IED Industry Enzyme Database

Detail Information for IndEnz0018000773
IED ID IndEnz0018000773
Enzyme Type ID peroxidase000773
Protein Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
EC 1.14.99.1
Cyclooxygenase-2
COX-2
PHS II
Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
PGH synthase 2
PGHS-2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Gene Name PTGS2 COX2
Organism Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic Lineage cellular organisms Eukaryota Opisthokonta Metazoa Eumetazoa Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Teleostomi Euteleostomi Sarcopterygii Dipnotetrapodomorpha Tetrapoda Amniota Mammalia Theria Eutheria Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Primates Haplorrhini Simiiformes Catarrhini Hominoidea (apes) Hominidae (great apes) Homininae Homo Homo sapiens (Human)
Enzyme Sequence MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKERSTEL
Enzyme Length 604
Uniprot Accession Number P35354
Absorption
Active Site ACT_SITE 193; /note=Proton acceptor; /evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00298; ACT_SITE 371; /note=For cyclooxygenase activity; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769
Activity Regulation ACTIVITY REGULATION: The cyclooxygenase activity is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, celecoxib, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids as well as by hydroperoxide scavenger erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase GPX1 (PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9048568). Aspirin triggers enzyme acetylation turning off its ability to generate pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, but switches on its capacity to produce anti-inflammatory lipid mediators involved in inflammation resolution (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:12391014). Aspirin enhances lipoxygenase-type activity toward production of epimers with R stereochemistry such as 15R-HETE, 18R-HEPE, 15R-HEPE and 17R-HDHA (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:22068350, PubMed:12391014, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:21206090). Atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, triggers enzyme S-nitrosylation increasing production of 13-series resolvins (RvTs) (PubMed:26236990). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12391014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22068350, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26236990, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568}.
Binding Site BINDING 106; /note=Substrate; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769; BINDING 341; /note=Substrate; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769
Calcium Binding
catalytic Activity CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = A + H2O + prostaglandin H2; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23728, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:57405; EC=1.14.99.1; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26859324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27226593, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9261177};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23729; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:16373578, ECO:0000305|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000305|PubMed:26859324, ECO:0000305|PubMed:27226593, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000305|PubMed:9261177}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G2; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42596, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:82629; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9261177};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42597; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000305|PubMed:9261177}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=AH2 + prostaglandin G2 = A + H2O + prostaglandin H2; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42600, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57405, ChEBI:CHEBI:82629; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9261177};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42601; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000305|PubMed:9261177}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G3; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50444, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:133133; Evidence={ECO:0000303|PubMed:19540099};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50445; Evidence={ECO:0000303|PubMed:19540099}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=AH2 + prostaglandin G3 = A + H2O + prostaglandin H3; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50448, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:133133, ChEBI:CHEBI:133134; Evidence={ECO:0000303|PubMed:19540099};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50449; Evidence={ECO:0000303|PubMed:19540099}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G1; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50424, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:71589, ChEBI:CHEBI:133084; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11939906};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50425; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11939906}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=AH2 + prostaglandin G1 = A + H2O + prostaglandin H1; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50432, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:90793, ChEBI:CHEBI:133084; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11939906};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50433; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11939906}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 O2 = 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54204, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:76091, ChEBI:CHEBI:138098; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54205; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54208, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:138098, ChEBI:CHEBI:138099; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54209; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 O2 = 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54212, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:76079, ChEBI:CHEBI:138100; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54213; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54216, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:138100, ChEBI:CHEBI:138101; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:54217; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48856, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57409, ChEBI:CHEBI:57446; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9261177};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48857; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:9261177}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53684, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:76079, ChEBI:CHEBI:137584; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53685; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53680, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:76079, ChEBI:CHEBI:137583; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53681; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53676, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:76079, ChEBI:CHEBI:137582; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53677; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:27642067}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50864, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:30245, ChEBI:CHEBI:133820; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50865; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50860, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:30245, ChEBI:CHEBI:133819; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50861; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50856, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:78837; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50857; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50852, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:78836; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50853; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50848, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:90820; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50849; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50200, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:132083; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50201; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:21206090}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48836, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:90818; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48837; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000305|PubMed:21206090}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48840, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:90819; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48841; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000305|PubMed:21206090}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50196, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:58562, ChEBI:CHEBI:132087; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50197; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:21206090}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48852, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:77224, ChEBI:CHEBI:90824; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:26236990};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48853; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:26236990}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48820, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:77016, ChEBI:CHEBI:90815; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12391014};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48821; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12391014}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48812, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:90632, ChEBI:CHEBI:90812; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22068350};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48813; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22068350}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48816, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:77016, ChEBI:CHEBI:90814; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12391014};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48817; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12391014}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48808, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:90632, ChEBI:CHEBI:90813; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22068350};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48809; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22068350}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48804, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:90632, ChEBI:CHEBI:90810; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22068350, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26282205};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48805; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22068350, ECO:0000305|PubMed:26282205}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol + 2 O2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45288, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:52392, ChEBI:CHEBI:85165; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45289; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22942274}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45292, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:85165, ChEBI:CHEBI:85166; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:45293; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22942274}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42284, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:82626; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42285; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:9048568}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = 11R-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42280, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:82628; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568};PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42281; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:9048568};
DNA Binding
EC Number 1.14.99.1
Enzyme Function FUNCTION: Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11034610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11192938, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11939906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12391014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22068350, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22942274, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26236990, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26282205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26859324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27226593, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7592599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7947975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9261177, ECO:0000303|PubMed:19540099}.
Temperature Dependency
PH Dependency
Pathway PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26859324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27226593}.
nucleotide Binding
Features Active site (2); Beta strand (14); Binding site (2); Chain (1); Disulfide bond (5); Domain (1); Glycosylation (4); Helix (31); Metal binding (1); Modified residue (2); Mutagenesis (11); Natural variant (5); Sequence conflict (2); Signal peptide (1); Site (1); Turn (7)
Keywords 3D-structure;Acetylation;Dioxygenase;Disulfide bond;Endoplasmic reticulum;Fatty acid biosynthesis;Fatty acid metabolism;Glycoprotein;Heme;Iron;Lipid biosynthesis;Lipid metabolism;Membrane;Metal-binding;Microsome;Nucleus;Oxidoreductase;Peroxidase;Prostaglandin biosynthesis;Prostaglandin metabolism;Reference proteome;S-nitrosylation;Signal
Interact With Q86V38
Induction INDUCTION: By cytokines and mitogens. Up-regulated by IL1B (PubMed:26282205, PubMed:9545330). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:9545330). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26282205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}.
Subcellular Location SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus inner membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus outer membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Detected on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}.
Modified Residue MOD_RES 526; /note=S-nitrosocysteine; /evidence=ECO:0000305|PubMed:16373578; MOD_RES 565; /note=O-acetylserine; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769
Post Translational Modification PTM: S-nitrosylation by NOS2 (iNOS) activates enzyme activity. S-nitrosylation may take place on different Cys residues in addition to Cys-526. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578}.; PTM: Acetylated at Ser-565 by SPHK1. During neuroinflammation, acetylation by SPHK1 promotes neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs), especially 15-R-lipoxin A4, which results in an increase of phagocytic microglia. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q05769}.
Signal Peptide SIGNAL 1..17; /evidence=ECO:0000255
Structure 3D X-ray crystallography (7)
Cross Reference PDB 5F19; 5F1A; 5IKQ; 5IKR; 5IKT; 5IKV; 5KIR;
Mapped Pubmed ID 10956391; 11309440; 11705852; 11712072; 11809691; 11809750; 11844819; 11847219; 11850206; 11867761; 11880271; 11891188; 11891209; 11897504; 11901151; 11906292; 11911965; 11913955; 11920472; 11920515; 11939728; 11948128; 11957147; 11959891; 11972392; 11981837; 11992399; 11994539; 12016158; 12021045; 12032335; 12050157; 12050227; 12051953; 12067908; 12070598; 12072439; 12086404; 12124799; 12131767; 12143054; 12145315; 12162677; 12164325; 12167656; 12174888; 12193665; 12195707; 12197220; 12205039; 12209724; 12209745; 12213900; 12218179; 12324457; 12349897; 12377741; 12378621; 12391278; 12393863; 12393872; 12397176; 12401798; 12405290; 12433707; 12444028; 12450219; 12452062; 12459168; 12462194; 12470703; 12480928; 12485854; 12485915; 12488433; 12493747; 12498388; 12505789; 12519124; 12519748; 12532440; 12532441; 12555215; 12578839; 12579269; 12591723; 12592372; 12598658; 12600292; 12626523; 12628757; 12636104; 12642362; 12654832; 12664576; 12664644; 12665651; 12667327; 12677571; 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Motif
Gene Encoded By
Mass 68,996
Kinetics BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=16.2 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578}; KM=12 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26859324}; KM=17.0 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (in presence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578}; KM=5.1 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7947975}; KM=3.1 uM for (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26236990}; KM=0.93 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (cyclooxygenase activity) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568}; KM=13 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (cyclooxygenase activity in presence of aspirin) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568}; KM=41 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (lipoxygenase activity) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568}; KM=15 uM for (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate (lipoxygenase activity in presence of aspirin) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9048568}; KM=12.3 uM for 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxidation to 11-HETE-LPC) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067}; KM=30 uM for 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxidation to 15-HETE-LPC) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067}; Vmax=81.3 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578}; Vmax=132 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16373578};
Metal Binding METAL 374; /note=Iron (heme b axial ligand); /evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00298
Rhea ID RHEA:23728; RHEA:23729; RHEA:42596; RHEA:42597; RHEA:42600; RHEA:42601; RHEA:50444; RHEA:50445; RHEA:50448; RHEA:50449; RHEA:50424; RHEA:50425; RHEA:50432; RHEA:50433; RHEA:54204; RHEA:54205; RHEA:54208; RHEA:54209; RHEA:54212; RHEA:54213; RHEA:54216; RHEA:54217; RHEA:48856; RHEA:48857; RHEA:53684; RHEA:53685; RHEA:53680; RHEA:53681; RHEA:53676; RHEA:53677; RHEA:50864; RHEA:50865; RHEA:50860; RHEA:50861; RHEA:50856; RHEA:50857; RHEA:50852; RHEA:50853; RHEA:50848; RHEA:50849; RHEA:50200; RHEA:50201; RHEA:48836; RHEA:48837; RHEA:48840; RHEA:48841; RHEA:50196; RHEA:50197; RHEA:48852; RHEA:48853; RHEA:48820; RHEA:48821; RHEA:48812; RHEA:48813; RHEA:48816; RHEA:48817; RHEA:48808; RHEA:48809; RHEA:48804; RHEA:48805; RHEA:45288; RHEA:45289; RHEA:45292; RHEA:45293; RHEA:42284; RHEA:42285; RHEA:42280; RHEA:42281
Cross Reference Brenda 1.14.99.1;