| IED ID | IndEnz0019000023 |
| Enzyme Type ID | polyphenol oxidase000023 |
| Protein Name |
Aureusidin synthase AmAS1 EC 1.21.3.6 |
| Gene Name | AS1 |
| Organism | Antirrhinum majus (Garden snapdragon) |
| Taxonomic Lineage | cellular organisms Eukaryota Viridiplantae Streptophyta Streptophytina Embryophyta Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Spermatophyta Magnoliopsida Mesangiospermae eudicotyledons Gunneridae Pentapetalae asterids lamiids Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Antirrhinum (snapdragons) Antirrhinum majus (Garden snapdragon) |
| Enzyme Sequence | MFKNPNIRYHKLSSKSNDNDQESSHRCKHILLFIITLFLLIVGLYIANSLAYARFASTSTGPIAAPDVTKCGQPDLPPGTAPINCCPPIPAKIIDFELPPPSTTMRVRRAAHLVDDAYIAKFKKAVELMRALPEDDPRSFKQQANVHCAYCAGAYNQAGFTNLKLQIHRSWLFFPFHRYYIYFFERILGKLINDTTFALPFWNYDSPGGMTIPSMFIDTNSSLYDSLRDSNHQPPTIVDLNYAFSDSDNTTTPEEQMIINLKIVYRQMVSSAKTPQLFFGRPYRRGDQEFPGVGSIELVPHGMIHLWTGSENTPYGENMGAFYSTARDPIFFAHHSNVDRMWSIWKTLGGPRRTDLTDPDFLDASFVFYDENAEMVRVKVRDCLDEKKLGYVYQDVEIPWLNTRPTPKVSPSLLKKFHRTNTANPRQVFPAILDRVLKVIVTRPKKTRSRKEKDELEEILVIEGIELERDHGHVKFDVYINADEDDLAVISPENAEFAGSFVSLWHKPIKGKRTKTQLLTLSICDILEDLDADEDDYVLVTLVPRNAGDAIKIHNVKIELDG |
| Enzyme Length | 562 |
| Uniprot Accession Number | Q9FRX6 |
| Absorption | |
| Active Site | |
| Activity Regulation | ACTIVITY REGULATION: H(2)O(2) activates the 3-hydroxylation and oxidative cyclization of tetrahydroxychalcone but inhibits reaction with pentahydroxychalcone. Inhibited by phenylthiourea. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}. |
| Binding Site | |
| Calcium Binding | |
| catalytic Activity | CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + H(+) + O2 = aureusidin 6-O-beta-glucoside + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34203, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:66905, ChEBI:CHEBI:77978; EC=1.21.3.6; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + 2 H(+) + O2 = 2 aureusidin 6-O-beta-glucoside + 2 H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34195, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:66905, ChEBI:CHEBI:77622; EC=1.21.3.6; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + H(+) + O2 = bracteatin 6-O-beta-glucoside + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34199, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:66907, ChEBI:CHEBI:77622; EC=1.21.3.6; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; |
| DNA Binding | |
| EC Number | 1.21.3.6 |
| Enzyme Function | FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of aurones, plant flavonoids that provide yellow coloration to flowers. Can use tetrahydroxychalcone (THC), pentahydroxychalcone (PHC), THC 4'-glucoside and PHC 4'-glucoside as substrates, but not 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, PHC 3-glucoside, 2',6'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone, naringenin, eriodictyol and 4,4',6-trihydroxyaurone. Can also produce bracteatin from PHC. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16832053}. |
| Temperature Dependency | |
| PH Dependency | BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: pH dependence: Optimum pH is 5.4 for the reaction with tetrahydroxychalcone and 5.0 - 7.0 for the reaction with pentahydroxychalcone. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; |
| Pathway | |
| nucleotide Binding | |
| Features | Chain (1); Cross-link (1); Disulfide bond (2); Metal binding (6); Mutagenesis (2) |
| Keywords | Copper;Direct protein sequencing;Disulfide bond;Glycoprotein;Metal-binding;Oxidoreductase;Thioether bond;Vacuole |
| Interact With | |
| Induction | |
| Subcellular Location | SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole lumen {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16367960, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16832053}. |
| Modified Residue | |
| Post Translational Modification | PTM: Glycosylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455}.; PTM: Contains probably N- and C-terminal propeptides. |
| Signal Peptide | |
| Structure 3D | |
| Cross Reference PDB | - |
| Mapped Pubmed ID | - |
| Motif | |
| Gene Encoded By | |
| Mass | 64,044 |
| Kinetics | BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=4.3 uM for 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; KM=3.9 uM for 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-glucoside {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; KM=2.5 uM for isoliquiritigenin {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; KM=15.7 uM for 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; KM=8.1 uM for 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-glucoside {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; KM=14.7 uM for butein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11418122}; |
| Metal Binding | METAL 147; /note=Copper A; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19; METAL 168; /note=Copper A; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19; METAL 177; /note=Copper A; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19; METAL 301; /note=Copper B; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19; METAL 305; /note=Copper B; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19; METAL 335; /note=Copper B; /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ZP19 |
| Rhea ID | RHEA:34203; RHEA:34195; RHEA:34199 |
| Cross Reference Brenda | 1.14.18.1;1.21.3.6; |